新疆北部中二叠统烃源岩地球化学特征与沉积环境   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

苗建宇  周立发  张宏福  李剑锋 《地质学报》2004,78(4):534-541

首次对新疆北部准噶尔、吐哈及伊犁盆地中二叠统碳酸盐岩类、泥岩类烃源岩的微量元素、稀土元素和有机地球化学丰度进行了系统分析 ,其主要特征是微量元素含量与同类岩石的克拉克值相比 ,有的较高 ,有的偏低 ;轻稀土富集程度较高 ,重稀土相对较低 ,Ce/ Ce*具有较明显的正异常 ,反映出烃源岩沉积环境总体为还原环境。有机地球化学分析证实 ,烃源岩中微量元素含量对沉积水体中生物的分布有一定的影响 ,部分微量元素丰度与有机质含量呈明显的正相关关系。还原程度强的沉积相带是原始有机质沉积的良好场所 ,沉积有机质能及时沉积、保存 ,烃源岩大多有机质丰度高 ;反之 ,则明显变差  相似文献   

冀北中生代高Sr低Y和低Sr低Y型花岗岩：地球化学、成因及其与成矿作用的关系   总被引：20，自引：22，他引：20  

李承东 张旗苗来成  孟宪锋 《岩石学报》2004,20(2):269-284

冀北是我国重要的金矿成矿区，冀北金矿有不同的类型，但大多与中生代中酸性侵入岩有关。本文的研究表明，冀北与金矿有关的中酸性侵入岩大体可划分为两类：一类为高Sr低Y型岩体，具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特征。推测可能是加厚的下地壳部分熔融形成的，其残留相为榴辉岩或角闪榴辉岩；另一类为低Sr低Y型岩体，以较低的Sr、Al和具明显的负铕异常而区别于埃达克质岩，又因其低Y和HREE而类似于埃达克质岩，推测源岩残留相中有斜长石存在，相当于高压麻粒岩相的环境，可能也形成于加厚下地壳底部。冀北金矿的S、Ph、H、O和C同位素大多显示深源的特点,且在时空分布上与上述两类中酸性侵入岩存在密切的关系，表明冀北金矿床的成矿物质和流体可能是幔源的，与中生代高Sr低Y和低Sr低Y型岩浆的成因有关。这一认识对于理解冀北金矿的成因和找矿可能是有益的。  相似文献   

内蒙古赤峰地区安家营子金矿成矿流体研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

李永刚翟明国  苗来成薛良伟  朱嘉伟关鸿 《岩石学报》2004,20(4):961-968

该金矿床产于晚燕山期安家营子二长花岗岩岩体内,受NNE向断裂带控制。矿化类型属蚀变岩型。矿物包裹体研冤表明,成矿流体为CO2-H2O-NaCl-KCl体系,来自安家营子花岗岩浆期后热液,其氢氧同位素组成分别为δD=-80.0~-96.5‰,δ18OH2O=4.5~5.7‰。主成矿期四个成矿阶段包裹体的均一温度和盐度分别为Ⅰ=340~360℃:Ⅱ=315~330℃,3.80~6.20 wt％／NaCl,CO2密度0.2~0.3 g／cm3;Ⅲ=245~285℃,3.5~4.5 wt％NaCl:Ⅳ=150~170℃,<2.0wt％NaCl。成矿流体盐度和CO2密度均较低。包裹体气相成分中(CH4 CO)／CO2<0.1,成矿环境为弱还原条件;液相成分中K Na 总量较高,K >Na 有利于碱质交代成矿作用。根据CO2包裹体获得资料计算,成矿压力为500~750×105Pa,成矿深度为2.0~2.5 km。流体控矿因素有水-岩反应、CO2与H2O-NaCl溶液不混溶和硫浓度降低等。其中以水-岩反应为主,它贯穿成矿全过程,控制原始成矿流体由碱性向弱碱性-弱酸性变化,使流体发生交代成矿作用。  相似文献   

储层建模中几种原型模型的建立   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

李少华  张昌民  林克湘  尹太举  张春生 《沉积与特提斯地质》2004,24(3):102-107

储层地质知识库的建立是储层建模过程中极为重要的一步，它为建模提供基本的条件数据及各种统计参数。本文总结了建立地质知识库的主要步骤及基本内容。在资料较少的情况下，需要借助原型模型来提供一些无法直接获得但对建模十分重要的参数，如砂体宽厚比、水平方向变差函数等。文中用3个实例较详细的介绍了建立原型模型的3种主要方法，分别是利用露头、成熟油田和沉积模拟实验建立原型模型，并比较了各自的优缺点。  相似文献   

苏州城市规划区Ⅱ承压水开采与地面沉降预防控制研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

缪晓图 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(3):55-59

在孔隙承压水开采与地面沉降的关系上存在2种观点。水、土应力平衡理论认为：只要开采承压水，就会引发应力失衡并导致地面沉降；而水、土动态平衡理论则认为：除非开采水压力至水、土应力平衡面以下，否则不会引发地面沉降。苏州城市规划区第Ⅱ承压水开采水位与地面沉降动态观测表明，在-33m处存在一个天然动态水、土应力平衡面。第Ⅱ承压含水层形成后，经上覆堆积物自重压力长期压缩作用，其水压力具较高的压强．这种天然状态下产生的弹性释放储存量可开采利用多少，取决于开采状态下水、土应力平衡时可消耗压力水柱高度中的水头值。因而地面沉降的根本原因是开采水位超过了-33m，突破了天然状态水、土应力平衡面水位。Ⅱ承压含水层在天然状态受上覆堆积物重力产生的高压强弹性释放储存量现象，可以帮助我们确立该地区孔隙Ⅱ承压水开采不产生地面沉降的临界水位(水、土应力平衡面)。这一点对承压水开采条件、可开采资源性质具有重大实际意义。同样可以应用于饱受地面沉降困扰的无锡、常州及周边地区，为地下水开发利用政策由单一的封井停采转为目标水位控制开采提供了科学依据。同时也为此政策在承压水动力学机制上找到了内在原因。  相似文献   

网络安全加密技术在基于IIMS信息管理系统中的应用     

闫威  苗放 《物探化探计算技术》2004,26(1):91-94

介绍网络加密技术和DES(对称密钥体制)加密算法，分析了选用DES数据加密标准对网络数据流加密的可行性和优越性，研究了JAVA安全结构和在B／S模式下APPLET与SERVLET之间的通信机制，最后基于该模式给出了一个在四川省图书馆综合管理系统中的应用实例。  相似文献   

中国公路自然区划的回顾与展望     

苗英豪  王秉纲  MIAO Yinghao  WANG Binggang 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(Z1)

1IntroductionHighway, as a kind of man-made structure, will become a part of the geographical environment and be impacted by all sorts of natural factors after it is finished. On the other hand, highway also brings some changes to the geographical environment. A highway often passes through different natural regions, so it must be adaptable to any geographical environments. On the basis of deep understanding of the geographical environment, service life and normal level of the highway can be e…  相似文献   

时间动态地图模型   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

李霖  苗蕾 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(6):484-487

就时间动态地图模型进行了研究，认为动态地图由于表达空间维数的增加，使得地图作为客观现实世界的概念模型更加完善，并且作为物质模型，动态地图的可视化应与空间认知的计算机表达紧密融合。在制作时间动态地图时，不同的视觉变量具有不同的动态表现能力，根据时态现象的特征进行选取。  相似文献   

Vertical structures of PM10 and PM 2.5 and their dynamical character in low atmosphere in Beijing urban areas     

DING Guoan  CHAN Chuenyu  GAO Zhiqiu  YAO Wenqing  LI Yoksheung  CHENG Xinghong  MENG Zhaoyang  YU Haiqing  WONG Kamhang  WANG Shufeng  MIAO Qiuju 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower.  相似文献   

Spatial character of the gaseous and particulate state compound correlation of urban atmospheric pollution in winter and summer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XU Xiangde  SHI Xiaohui  XIE Lian  DING Guoan  MIAO Qiuju  MA Jianzhong  ZHENG Xiangdong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

The spatial/temporal variation information of atmospheric dynamic-chemical processes at observation site points of the "canopy" boundary of Beijing urban building ensemble and over urban area "surface", as well as the seasonal correlation structure of the gaseous and particulate states of urban atmospheric pollution (UAP) and its seasonal conversion feature at observation points are investigated, using the comprehensive observation data of the Beijing City Air Pollution Observation Experiment (BECAPEX) in winter and summer 2003 with a "point-surface" combined research approach. By using "one dimension spatial empirical orthogonal function (EOF)" principal component analysis (PCA) mode, the seasonal change of gaseous and particulate states of atmospheric aerosols and the association feature of pollutant species under the background of the complicated structure of urban boundary layer (UBL) are analyzed. The comprehensive analyses of the principal components of particle concentrations,gaseous pollutant species, and meteorological conditions reveal the seasonal changes of the complex constituent and structure features of the gaseous and particulate states of UAP to further trace the impact feature of urban aerosol pollution surface sources and the seasonal difference of the component structure of UAP. Research results suggest that in the temporal evolution of the gaseous and particulate states of winter/summer UAP, NOx, CO, and SO2 showed an "in-phase" evolution feature, however, O3 showed an "inverse-phase" relation with other species,all possessing distinctive dependent feature. On the whole, summer concentrations of gaseous pollutants CO, SO2, and NOx were obviously lower than winter ones, especially, the reduction in CO concentration was most distinctive, and ones in SO2 and NOx were next. However, the summer O3 concentration was more than twice winter one. Winter/summer differences in PM10and PM2.5 particle concentrations were relatively not obvious, which indicates that responses of PM10 and PM2.5 particle concentrations to the difference of winter/summer heating period emission sources are far less distinctive than those of NOx, SO2, and CO. The correlation feature of winter/summer gaseous and particulate states depicts that both PM10 and PM2.5 particles were significantly correlated with NOx, and their correlations with NOx are more significant than those with other pollutants. Through PCA, it is found that there was a distinctive difference in the principal component combination structure of winter/summer PM10 and PM2.5 particles: SO2 and NOx dominated in the principal component of winter PM10 and PM2.5 particles; while CO and NOx played the major role in the principal component of summer PM10 and PM2.5 particles. For winter/summer PM10 and PM2.5 particles, there might exist the gaseous and particulate states correlation structures of different "combinations" of such dependent pollutant species. Research results also uncover that the interaction processes of gaseous and particulate states were also related with the vertical structure of UBL, that is to say, the low value layer of UBL O3 concentration was associated with the collocation of atmospheric vertical structures of the low level inversion,inverse humidity, and small wind, which depicts summer boundary layer atmospheric character, i.e.the compound impact of the dependent factor "combination" of wind, temperature, and humidity elements and their collocation structure on the variations of different gaseous pollutant concentrations. Such a depth structure of the extremely low value of O3 concentration in the UBL accords with its "inverse-phase" relation with other gaseous pollutant species. The PCA of meteorological factors associated with PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations also reveals the sensitivity of PM10 and PM2.5 concentration to the combinatory feature of local meteorological conditions.  相似文献